Exfoliating seems to be getting more attention lately—but why? This skin care step removes excess sebum and debris from the skin's surface to help unclog pores and maintain a clean, smooth, fresh complexion. But exfoliating doesn't mean using a loofah on your face. While exfoliation has many benefits, exfoliating too roughly or too often can actually harm the skin.
Understanding how to exfoliate your face properly can help you achieve that ultra-smooth, lit-from-within skin everyone's after. Read on for a full overview of how to exfoliate your face, including how to choose the right exfoliant for your skin type, a step-by-step guide to application, and key tips for optimal results.
Common Types of Exfoliants
Exfoliants can be categorized into two main types: physical and chemical. Physical exfoliants include scrubs or brushes that manually remove dead skin cells through friction, while chemical exfoliants contain acids or enzymes to dissolve dead skin cells without manual labor. Chemical exfoliants include:
- Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs), like Glycolic Acid, Lactic Acid, and Mandelic Acid
- Beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs), like Salicylic Acid
- Poly-hydroxy acids (PHAs), like Lactobionic Acid
- Enzymatic exfoliants, derived from fruits like papaya and pineapple
Choosing the Right Exfoliant for Your Skin Type
Determining the right exfoliant for you depends on your skin type. For example, chemical exfoliants are better suited for sensitive skin since they're less abrasive. Some formulas, like PCA SKIN Daily Exfoliant, are generally suitable for all skin types—and daily use. Consider these general rules as you weigh your options.
Dry Skin
Opt for AHAs like Glycolic or Lactic Acid. These acids help enhance the skin's moisture levels and promote a smoother texture. For example, PCA SKIN Nutrient Toner combines vitamins, minerals, and enzymes with Lactic Acid to support supple skin with a healthy glow.
Oily or Acne-Prone Skin
BHAs such as Salicylic Acid can benefit oily and acne-prone skin by helping clear excess oil, prevent clogged pores, and minimize the appearance of enlarged pores. Try a formula like PCA SKIN Acne Gel, a cutting-edge formula that can improve the appearance of breakouts in as little as three days.
Sensitive Skin
Stick to enzymatic exfoliants, AHAs, and PHAs like those found in PCA SKIN Resurfacing Serum. Avoid harsh scrubs and brushes.
Your Step-by-Step Guide to Exfoliating
Ready to get started? Follow this foolproof guide.
1. Cleanse Your Skin
Begin with a gentle cleanser to remove makeup, dirt, and impurities.
2. Apply Your Exfoliant
Apply a small amount of exfoliant to damp skin with a cotton pad or clean fingertips and massage it into the skin in circular motions. If you're using a physical exfoliant, like a gentle scrub or brush, gently massage in circular motions for roughly 30 seconds or whatever feels right for your skin.
3. Rinse Thoroughly
Rinse thoroughly with lukewarm water. Leaving residue behind can lead to irritation.
4. Apply Corrective Serums
After exfoliation, your skin is primed for deeper penetration of corrective serums. Consider PCA SKIN Vitamin b3 Brightening Serum to help reduce the appearance of uneven skin tone or PCA SKIN ExLinea® Pro Peptide Serum to help minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
5. Moisturize
Follow up with a hydrating moisturizer with ingredients like Hyaluronic Acid or Glycerin to soothe and replenish your skin after exfoliating.
6. Apply Sunscreen
Exfoliating can make your skin more sun-sensitive. Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher to protect your skin from damaging ultraviolet rays.
How Often Should You Exfoliate Your Face?
So, how often should you exfoliate your face? Ideal frequency ultimately depends on your skin type and the exfoliant. Follow product label instructions closely and err on the side of caution, starting slow and gradually building to the maximum recommended usage as your skin adjusts. Here are some general guidelines:
- Dry skin: One to two times per week.
- Oily or acne-prone skin: Two to three times per week.
- Sensitive skin: One to two times per week or as tolerated.
Over-exfoliating can lead to irritation and skin barrier damage, so always listen to your skin and adjust accordingly.
When Not to Exfoliate
Sometimes exfoliating can do more harm than good—especially if your skin barrier is compromised. Avoid exfoliating if:
- Your skin is sunburned or irritated.
- You're using products with Retinoids or other strong actives that can increase sensitivity.
- You have open wounds or active acne lesions.
Ingredients to Avoid Mixing with Exfoliants
Certain ingredients can react negatively with exfoliants, leading to dryness, irritation, or decreased efficacy. Use these ingredients on different days (or times of day).
Retinoids
Combining Retinoids with strong exfoliants can lead to excessive dryness and irritation.
Vitamin C
Some exfoliants can destabilize high-potency Vitamin C, reducing its effectiveness.
Other Exfoliating Acids
Unless they're combined in a carefully designed formula, avoid mixing multiple acid-based products (like AHAs and BHAs) in one routine to prevent over-exfoliation and irritation.
Perfecting Your Skin Care Routine
While your skin care products should be science-backed, your routine shouldn't be rocket science. Keeping best practices in mind and following the right steps can help you reap your products' benefits while protecting your skin from unwanted effects, like dryness or irritation. When in doubt, reach out to a skin care professional for advice. Your skin care journey is personal, but you don't have to go it alone.
Author: Kaleigh Fasanella
Kaleigh Fasanella is a New Jersey-based beauty and wellness reporter with over a decade of experience writing for both digital outlets and brands. She previously worked at magazines like Allure and Teen Vogue before going freelance to write for a variety of publications. While she loves all aspects of beauty, she's especially passionate about skin care and helping others learn about and care for their skin.